As South Africa transitions from summer to winter, many may forget the importance of year-round sun protection. May is Melanoma and Skin Cancer Awareness Month, a timely reminder to stay vigilant when it comes to our skin.
“Skin cancer remains one of the most common and preventable cancers in South Africa, with Melanoma being the most serious type,” says Dr. Cebi Sibisi, Founder of Dr. Cebi Dermatology. “The good news is that with early detection and consistent sun safety habits, you can significantly reduce the risks.”
Statistics show that South Africa ranks among the countries with the highest skin cancer rates. According to the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), more than 20,000 South Africans are diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancers each year, and around 1,500 are diagnosed with melanoma.
“Melanomas can develop on all skin tones and may appear in areas you wouldn’t expect – including parts of the body not typically exposed to the sun like under your foot and toenails,” explains Dr. Sibisi. “That’s why skin checks, self-monitoring, and annual screenings with a Dermatologist are essential as 99% of melanomas are curable if detected early.”
Skin cancer is less common in individuals with skin of colour compared to light-skinned Caucasians. However, when it does occur, it is often detected at a later stage, leading to higher rates of complications and mortality. This is particularly concerning in cases of melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer that can spread rapidly. In dark-skinned ethnic groups, squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed type, while melanomas tend to appear on areas not typically exposed to the sun.
Spotting the Warning Signs of Melanoma
Use the ABCDE guide to assess any suspicious spots or moles:
- Asymmetry – One half is unlike the other half
- Border – Irregular, notched, or scalloped edges
- Colour – Varying shades of tan, brown, black, or even red
- Diameter – Larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser)
- Evolving – Any changes in size, shape, or symptoms like itching or bleeding
Stay Sun Smart – Even in Winter
“Just because it’s cooler or cloudier doesn’t mean UV rays can’t harm your skin,” says Dr. Sibisi. “UV rays penetrate clouds, and sunburn can occur within 15 minutes of exposure.”
Did you know that even one blistering sunburn in childhood more than doubles your chances of developing melanoma later in life?
Practical ways to reduce your risk of skin cancer include:
- Wearing sunscreen with SPF 30+ daily. Apply at least 15-20 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours or after swimming.
- Avoiding outdoor activities during peak sun hours (10am – 3pm).
- Wearing wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses with UV400 protection, and protective clothing.
- Steering clear of tanning beds and sunlamps.
- Doing a monthly skin self-check and booking annual mole mapping with a Dermatologist.
Skin cancer affects all races, genders, and age groups. While sun exposure is a major risk factor, family history, genetics, and lifestyle also play a role.
“Healthy skin is not just about beauty – it’s about protection and prevention. If you notice any new marks or changes to existing moles, rather be safe and consult a professional. Make regular skin checks and sun protection part of your year-round wellness routine,” concludes Dr. Sibisi.